Karakterisasi Variabilitas Genetik Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) Berdasarkan Parameter Morfologis dan Agronomis
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Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) serves as a vital component in achieving national food security, yet its domestic production remains insufficient, leading to a reliance on imports. This study investigates the genetic variability among 14 soybean genotypes using morphological and agronomic traits and estimates the heritability values of key agronomic characteristics to support selection strategies in breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in Jatinangor using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in open-field conditions. Qualitative observations included hypocotyl color, flower color, leaf shape, and seed coat color, while quantitative data encompassed plant height, days to flowering, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant. The findings revealed considerable variability among genotypes, with all quantitative traits exhibiting high broad-sense heritability (H² > 0.5). The highest heritability was recorded for the number of seeds per plant (H² = 0.707), suggesting this trait as a promising selection criterion in early-generation soybean breeding. These results provide a strong genetic basis for the development of adaptive and high-yielding soybean varieties in Indonesia.
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