Decoding the Synergy Between Watering Intervals and Soil Media Composition in Shaping Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Seedling Growth
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rising demand for clove seedlings in Java faces challenges related to soil media quality and watering practices. Organic amendments like peat moss and cattle manure improve water retention and nutrient availability, enhancing seedling growth and reducing stress. This study evaluates the optimal watering frequency and media composition to improve clove seedling survival and vigor. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a 2x3 factorial arrangement to assess the effects of soil media composition and watering intervals on clove seedling growth. Treatments included peat moss, cattle manure, and a control, with watering intervals of every 3 days and 5 days, replicated five times across 30 experimental units. Growth variables were evaluated, including height, stem diameter, and biomass. Data collection involved direct measurements at 2-week intervals. Statistical analysis included ANOVA for main and interaction effects, Tukey’s HSD test for post-hoc comparisons, and regression analysis to explore relationships between soil properties and seedling growth. The study found that a 5-day watering frequency, especially in peat moss media, optimally promotes clove seedling growth, improving plant height, leaf number, and root length density. Cattle manure also supported growth with some adaptability to watering intervals. However, total biomass was not significantly influenced by these factors.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ahluwalia, O., Singh, P. C., & Bhatia, R. (2021). A review on drought stress in plants: Implications, mitigation and the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 5, 100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2021.100032
Avianto, Y., Pratama, A. B., Noviyanto, A., & Fauzi, F. R. (2024). Analyzing the Influence of Altitudinal Gradients on Clove Physiology and Yield in the Menoreh Highlands. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(4), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7562
Blanco-Canqui, H., Hergert, G. W., & Nielsen, R. A. (2015). Cattle Manure Application Reduces Soil Compactibility and Increases Water Retention after 71 Years. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 79(1), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.06.0252
Budiadi, B., Widiyatno, W., Nurjanto, H. H., Hasani, H., & Jihad, A. N. (2022). Seedling Growth and Quality of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Under Growth Media Composition and Controlled Salinity in an Ex Situ Nursery. Forests, 13(5), 684. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050684
Carrell, A. A., Lawrence, T. J., Cabugao, K. G. M., Carper, D. L., Pelletier, D. A., Lee, J. H., Jawdy, S. S., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., Hanson, P. J., Shaw, A. J., & Weston, D. J. (2022). Habitat?adapted microbial communities mediate Sphagnum peatmoss resilience to warming. New Phytologist, 234(6), 2111–2125. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18072
Castaño, C., Lindahl, B. D., Alday, J. G., Hagenbo, A., Martínez De Aragón, J., Parladé, J., Pera, J., & Bonet, J. A. (2018). Soil microclimate changes affect soil fungal communities in a Mediterranean pine forest. New Phytologist, 220(4), 1211–1221. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15205
Das, S., Jeong, S. T., Das, S., & Kim, P. J. (2017). Composted Cattle Manure Increases Microbial Activity and Soil Fertility More Than Composted Swine Manure in a Submerged Rice Paddy. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01702
Dixon, G. R. (2015). Water, irrigation and plant diseases. CABI Reviews, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR201510009
Domingo-Olivé, F., Bosch-Serra, À. D., Yagüe, M. R., Poch, R. M., & Boixadera, J. (2016). Long term application of dairy cattle manure and pig slurry to winter cereals improves soil quality. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 104(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9757-7
El Haddadi, R., El Mekkaoui, A., Zouahri, A., Ouazzani Touhami, A., & Douira, A. (2022). Effect of growing media on morpho-physiological quality attributes of Tetraclinis articulata seedlings. Forest Science and Technology, 18(3), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2104936
Herawati, A., Mujiyo, Syamsiyah, J., Baldan, S. K., & Arifin, I. (2021). Application of soil amendments as a strategy for water holding capacity in sandy soils. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 724(1), 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012014
Kämäräinen, A., Simojoki, A., Lindén, L., Jokinen, K., & Silvan, N. (2018). Physical growing media characteristics of Sphagnum biomass dominated by Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr. Mires and Peat, 21, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2017.OMB.278
Löbmann, M. T., Vetukuri, R. R., De Zinger, L., Alsanius, B. W., Grenville-Briggs, L. J., & Walter, A. J. (2016). The occurrence of pathogen suppressive soils in Sweden in relation to soil biota, soil properties, and farming practices. Applied Soil Ecology, 107, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.011
McCarter, C. P. R., & Price, J. S. (2014). Ecohydrology of Sphagnum moss hummocks: Mechanisms of capitula water supply and simulated effects of evaporation. Ecohydrology, 7(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1313
Paul, A., Hussain, M., & Ramu, B. (2021). The physicochemical properties and microstructural characteristics of peat and their correlations: Reappraisal. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15(6), 692–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2018.1483099
Pouliot, R., Hugron, S., & Rochefort, L. (2015). Sphagnum farming: A long-term study on producing peat moss biomass sustainably. Ecological Engineering, 74, 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.10.007
Pratama, A. P., Darwanto, D. H., & Masyhuri, M. (2020). Indonesian Clove Competitiveness and Competitor Countries in International Market. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 9(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v9i1.38075
Setiawan, A., Ito, S., Mitsuda, Y., Hirata, R., Yamagishi, K., & Umar, Y. P. (2021). Growth Response of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Seedlings to Different Light and Water Regimes. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v1i1.2826
Turunen, M., Hyväluoma, J., Heikkinen, J., Keskinen, R., Kaseva, J., Hannula, M., & Rasa, K. (2020). Quantifying the pore structure of different biochars and their impacts on the water retention properties of Sphagnum moss growing media. Biosystems Engineering, 191, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.01.006
Zhao, Y., Yan, Z., Qin, J., & Xiao, Z. (2014). Effects of long-term cattle manure application on soil properties and soil heavy metals in corn seed production in Northwest China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(12), 7586–7595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2671-8
Zia, R., Nawaz, M. S., Siddique, M. J., Hakim, S., & Imran, A. (2021). Plant survival under drought stress: Implications, adaptive responses, and integrated rhizosphere management strategy for stress mitigation. Microbiological Research, 242, 126626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2020.126626