Pengaruh Teknik Sambung Dini terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Klon Sulawesi 01 dan ICCRI 08
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) holds significant economic value as a major plantation commodity in Indonesia, yet national productivity remains below optimal levels, primarily due to substandard planting material and inefficient cultivation techniques. Addressing this issue, the study investigates whether early grafting—specifically using Sulawesi 01 and ICCRI 08 clones—enhances cocoa seedling growth performance. Conducted from September to October 2024 at the Cocoa Plant Collection Garden, Field Laboratory, State Polytechnic of Jember, the experiment employed a randomized complete block design with three treatments: early grafting without a specific clone (S), with Sulawesi 01 (TS1), and with ICCRI 08 (TS2), each replicated three times. Weekly measurements of seedling height and leaf number were recorded over five weeks, and data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results revealed that early grafting significantly influenced seedling height across all weeks, with treatment S showing consistently superior growth. However, differences in leaf number among treatments were statistically insignificant. The findings indicate that early grafting without clonal specification may offer a practical advantage for promoting early height growth in cocoa seedlings, contributing to improved propagation strategies and enhanced productivity in cocoa cultivation.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Arsyad, M., Sabang, Y., Agus, N., Bulkis, S., & Kawamura, Y. (2020). Intercropping farming system and farmers income. Agrivita. (n.d.)
Asare, R., Afari-Sefa, V., Osei-Owusu, Y., & Pabi, O. (2014). Cocoa agroforestry for increasing forest connectivity in a fragmented landscape in Ghana. Agroforestry Systems, 88(6), 1143–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9688-3
Basir, N., M., Limbongan, J., & Baso Lologau, A. (2014). Perbanyakan bibit kakao melalui teknik grafting, okulasi, dan somatik embriogenesis di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 17(3).
Basri, Z. (2009). Kajian metode perbanyakan klonal pada tanaman kakao. Media Litbang Sulteng, 2(1).
Chairunnisya, R. A., Khairiyah, Y., Lubis, R. L., Purgawa, K., Batubara, J. S., Izzati, R., Wijaya, L., Arabia, T., & Jamil, A. (2025). Agricultural mechanization as a catalyst for enhancing rice production and farmer livelihoods. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1476(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1476/1/012013
Famuwagun, I. B., & Agele, S. O. (n.d.). Cacao growth and development under different nursery and field conditions. IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com
Gockowski, J., & Sonwa, D. (2011). Cocoa intensification scenarios and their predicted impact on CO? emissions, biodiversity conservation, and rural livelihoods in the Guinea rain forest of West Africa. Environmental Management, 48(2), 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9602-3
Gururaj, B., Hamsa, K. R., Ramesh, & Mahadevaiah, G. S. (2017). Doubling of small and marginal farmers income through rural non-farm and farm sector in Karnataka. Economic Affairs, 62(4), 581. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4666.2017.00070.5
Kasim, N., Nasaruddin, Widiayani, N., Andi Syaiful, S., & Ningsih, S. R. (2024). Growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) in application of cow manure compost and density of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 52(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v52i2.51505
Maghfiroh, C. N., & Putra, E. T. S. (2020). Morphological characters of root and yield of three cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in the field with dead-end trench. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 5(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.51284
Maghfiroh, C. N., Putra, E. T. S., & Hs, E. S. D. (2020). Root detection by resistivity imaging and physiological activity with the dead-end trench on three clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2794–2803. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210656
Maghfiroh, S. N., & Malik, A. (2025). Seed viability and seedling growth of Sulawesi 01 and ICCRI 08 cacao plant clones (Theobroma cacao L.). Agroqua Jurnal. https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v21i2.4916
Olutegbe, N. S., & Sanni, A. O. (2021). Determinants of compliance to Good Agricultural Practices among cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36(1), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i1.44894
Pesireron, M., & Soplanit, J. C. (n.d.). Pengkajian perbanyakan tanaman kakao secara vegetatif (okulasi mata entris dan sambung pucuk).
Rosyady, M. G., Setiyono, S., Subroto, G., & Savitri, D. A. (2022). Pengembangan desa sentral kakao berkelanjutan melalui penerapan Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). PaKMas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.54259/pakmas.v2i2.1044
Sribawanti, P., Lapanjang, I. M., Made, U., Program, D., Agroteknologi, S., & Tadulako, U. (2016). Pertumbuhan bibit sambung pucuk dini kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) klon Sul-1 dan Sul-2 yang diberi pupuk organik cair berbeda konsentrasi. Jurnal Agrotek, 4(3), 267–273.
Wahyuni, S., & Ndewes, M. E. (2023). Peningkatan kapasitas petani untuk menghasilkan biji kakao premium melalui teknologi Good Agricultural Practice. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 7(1), 306. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v7i1.12064
Winarno, K., Sustiyo, J., Aziz, A. A., & Permani, R. (2025). Unlocking agricultural mechanisation potential in Indonesia: Barriers, drivers, and pathways for sustainable agri-food systems. Agricultural Systems, 226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104305