Hikmah Larangan Incest Menurut Fakhruddin al-Razi dalam Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghaib
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Abstract
This study explores the philosophical and moral significance of the prohibition of incest as stated in Q.S. An-Nisa verse 23 through the perspective of Fakhruddin al-Razi’s Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghaib. The research addresses how al-Razi’s interpretation extends beyond the legal formulation to uncover deeper ethical, social, and spiritual implications. The objective is to reconstruct the understanding of the verse in a way that is relevant to contemporary Islamic family law discourse. The study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, using the Qur’an and Mafatih al-Ghaib as primary sources, complemented by books, journal articles, and previous research as secondary data. Data analysis is conducted through content analysis and textual interpretation to extract the rational-philosophical reasoning in al-Razi’s tafsir. The findings indicate that al-Razi highlights four main objectives behind the prohibition of incest: the preservation of family honor, the protection of psychological well-being, the safeguarding of lineage clarity, and the maintenance of social harmony. He frames these objectives as rooted in divine wisdom (hikmah ilahiyyah) aligned with the maqasid al-shariah. Furthermore, al-Razi’s interpretation reveals that the prohibition serves as a preventive measure against moral decay, power abuse within families, and biological risks from consanguineous unions. This study concludes that al-Razi’s rational-philosophical tafsir remains highly relevant for modern contexts and should be incorporated into religious education and public discourse. Integrating such reflective tafsir into educational curricula can strengthen moral awareness, promote healthy family structures, and address contemporary challenges related to sexual ethics.
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